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Sunil Puri , S. L. Swamy , A. K. Jaiswal

Abstract

The study describes growth, biomass and net primary productivity in different clones of Populus deltoides Bartr. Grown on vertisol type of soil at Raipur situated at 21°12'N latitude and 81°36°E longitude. Based on growth and survival performance of 106 clones in the nursery over successive two years, 19 clones were selected for field evaluation. Survival in the field in different clones ranged from 40 to 100 per cent. The best five clones in 4 yr old plantation was in order of 65/27 > S7Cl > G48 > G3 > D121. The above- ground biomass varied from 2.79 to 43.77 MT ha^-1, while that of coarse ischolar_mains it was 0.67 to 10.5 Mg ha^-1. Stem wood in different clones varied from 33.7 to 62.2 per cent of the total biomass followed by coarse ischolar_mains (16.5-28.0%), branches (7.4-23.7%), bark (7.5-12.9%) and leaves (5.3-10.3%). Net primary productivity also differed in different clones. The study concludes that some of the clones can be grown at 21°N latitude which was to date not considered a suitable region for the introduction of P. deltoides.

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A. K. Jaiswal , Govind Pal , J. P. Singh , Bharati Patel

Abstract

Status of lac production in lac growing districts of Jharkhand has been assessed with parameters like minimum, maximum, average production and simple growth rate for the period 2006-07 to 2009-10. A comparison of growth rate in three years period (2006- 07 to 2008-09) with those in four years period (2006-07 to 2009-10) has also been made for understanding the status of change in production. The analysis of data showed that Ranchi district has highest production of lac to the tune of 28.9 per cent of total lac production of the state followed by Simdega (24.5 per cent) and Gumla (17.9 per cent). The positive growth rate in lac production was recorded in Gumla, West Singhbhum and Simdega to the tune of 21.6, 6.32 and 28.9 per cent per annum respectively during last four years. Highest negative growth rate was recorded in Latehar (-69.3 per cent) district. Comparative analysis of last three and four years period growth rate showed that Gumla district recorded positive growth with slight reduction (24.9 to 21.6 per cent). Simdega district reported very good improvement (-21.2 to 28.9 per cent) and another district which recorded good improvement was West Singhbhum (- 17.3to 6.3 percent).

Keywords

Lac Production, Growth Rate, Jharkhand, 'Rangeeni ' Lac And 'kusmi' Lac

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A. K. Jaiswal , Govind Pal , J. P. Singh , Bharati Patel

Abstract

District-wise and crop-wise status of lac growing districts of Madhya Pradesh have been assessed with parameters like minimum, maximum, average production and simple growth rate (SGR) for four years (2006-07 to 2009-10). The study reported that the state contributes 16 per cent production of the country; however, the growth rate during the study period was negative and to the tune of 10.1 per cent per annum. Seoni district contributed maximum in lac production (41.6 per cent) followed by Balaghat (30.6 per cent), Hosangabad (8.4 per cent) and Mandla (7.0 per cent). Strain-wise growth rate for the whole state showed that both rangeeni and kusmi lac production attained a negative growth of 5.2 and 32.1 per cent per annum. Crop-wise growth rate for the state showed that rangeeni-summer attained positive growth (12.1 per cent per annum) while rangeeni-rainy registered negative growth(37.5per cent). Similarly,both kusmi-winter and kusmi-summer crop registered negative growth rate of 34.0 and 29.9 per cent per annum respectively.Major reduction in lac production was due to loss of rangeeni-rainy crop which caused less availability of broodlac for next season.Thus less production in one season indirectly affected production of succeeding season crops also.

Keywords

Lac production, Growth rate, Schleichera oleosa, Rangeeni and Kumi Lac

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A. K. Jaiswal ¹, J. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Transfer of Technology Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi 834 010
2 Division of Transfer of Technology Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi 834 010, IN

Abstract

Analysis of year wise lac production data in India during XI Plan (2007-2008 to 2011-2012) indicated average production by the country to the tune of 16.246 thousand tonnes. The Jharkhand state registered highest average annual production (6.306 thousand tonnes), sharing 38.82 per cent of total lac produced in the country. This is followed by Chhattisgarh (30.21%), Madhya Pradesh (13.66 %), West Bengal (6.97%), Maharashtra (4.96%), Odisha (2.27%), Uttar Pradesh (1.94 %), Assam (0.52%), Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat (0.30% each) and Meghalaya (0.06 %). In respect of state wise growth rate in lac production, the country registered negative growth rate to the tune of 8.38 per cent per annum. Amongst the major lac producing states, Jharkhand and West Bengal recorded positive growth of 12.19 and 9.94 per cent per annum respectively, during this period. Amongst the declining trend state, Madhya Pradesh recorded highest negative growth (-32.41 %) followed by Uttar Pradesh (-29.37%), Chhattisgarh (-26.76%), Maharashtra (-10.62%) and Odisha (-9.92%). The other minor lac producing states namely Assam, Gujarat, Meghalaya also registered declining trend during the period. Strain wise analysis of production data for various states was also carried out in an attempt to identify which type of lac suffered most during this period

Keywords

Lac Production. Growth Rate, Xi Plan Period

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Kanak Lata Verma ¹, Rohan Verma ², Madhulika Sharma ¹, R. K. Sarin ¹, A. K. Jaiswal ³

Affiliations
1 Forensic Science Laboratory, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, IN
2 LabWater Division, Merck Millipore, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, IN

Abstract

In the recent times, a lot of molecules have seemed in the world of drugs of abuse. This always seems like an issue when it comes to the sensitive methods for identifying the sub picogram concentrations by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In This Review, we will be covering the importance of the ultra pure water as one of the most important factors in the several analytical methodologies including Mass Spectrometry. In the current scenario of forensic sciences, we have the limitation to make up for the quick methods and return the reports in time. The reasons can be various from the enough training officials to rugged developed method before samples comes to the lab for testing and how the ultra pure water makes it reproducible and reliable. Weh have seen enough of the technologies came up in last decade in terms of mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography where one can analyse 400 compounds in a run which spans around 10-20minute. But are we sure that our forensic labs are well equipped and well trained to do so. It is equally important to have the right kind of reagent used in sample preparation, mobile phases and solution preparation for standards has to be prepared with the right kind of methodologies. In the current paper a critical overview on the importance of ultrapure water at each step in a analytical method starts from the dissolving the standards, dilutions, tuning of the molecules for mass spectrometer, and so on and also the limitations of not having so in the diverse analytical approaches is provided, with a particular attention to liquid phase separation techniques coupled to high accuracy, high resolution mass spectrometer.

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A. Bhattacharya ¹, S. Kumar ¹, A. K. Jaiswal ¹

Affiliations
1 Transfer of Technology Division, Indian Lac Research Institute, Namkum, Ranchi-834010, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

The lepidopteran predator, Eublemma amabilis Moore, is a major pest of lac and causes colossal losses to the lac crop to the magnitude of about 40 per cent. Three species of trichogrammatid egg parasitoids, namely, Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti, T. exiguum Pinto and Platner and T. ostriniae Pang et Chen were evaluated in the present study on lac crop raised on the bushy host plant, Flemingia macrophylla O. Kytze and were found extremely useful as a substitute for chemical pesticides. All the three egg parasitoids were able to suppress the population of E. amabilis. The reduction in the population of E. amabilis was 77 to 86 per cent in case of rangeeni crop and 52 to 72 per cent in case of kusmi crop with a dose of 20 egg parasitoids per bush. In general, trichogrammatids were found more effective in ease of rangeeni lac than kusmi. All the three parasitoids were found equally effective in suppressing the population of E. amabilis.

Keywords

Egg Parasitoids, Eublemma amabilis, Kusmi, Rangeeni, Trichogramma.

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A. K. Jaiswal ¹, Sunil Kumar ², Jeevanjot Kaur ³, Jasbir Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, IN
2 Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi- 110029, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144402, IN

Abstract

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, more commonly referred to as 2,4-D, is an Organochlorus poison which is one of the most widely used herbicides. Several instrumental method like Gas liquid chromatography (GLC), High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible Spectrophotometer, etc., are available for the separation and identification of 2,4-D, but most of them are expensive and more time consuming. So, a relatively inexpensive and less time consuming method is presented for the separation of 2,4-D i.e. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). This method has several advantages over the other methods such as its low cost, fewer chemicals required simultaneous analysis of large and low amount of sample. 2,4-D was extracted from the blood and then it was identified by using 20 solvent systems. The spots developed on the TLC plates were developed using Iodine vapors.

Keywords

2,4-D, Organochloro, TLC, RF , Spraying Reagent Etc.

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A. K. Jaiswal ¹, Srinita Das ², Vinod Kumar ³, Madhuri Gupta ⁴, N. Singh ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, IN
2 Dept. of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore, IN
3 Forensic Science Laboratory, Rohini, Delhi, IN
4 Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IN
5 Dept. of Botany, Shridhar University, Pilani, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

The salts of Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), are of great toxicological importance and can causes poisoning. Therefore quantitative determination of traces of zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, in blood is very essential. Routinely, inductive coupled plasma, atomic absorption spectrometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were used for analysis. An attempt has been made to develop new method for simultaneous determination of traces of zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, in blood done by differential-pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry. Blood was processed by wet digestion method using concentrated nitric acid and sulphuric acid. Determination of zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, was made in acetate buffer (pH 4.6) with a sweep rate (scan rate) of 60.0 mV/s and pulse amplitude 50 mV by Hanging Mercury Dropping Electrode (HMDE) by standard addition method .The solution was stirred during pre-electrolysis at -1150 mV(vs. Ag/AgCl) for 90 s and the potential was scanned from -1150m V to +100m V (vs. Ag/ AgCl). Under these conditions the limit of detection of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper were 1.0 μg/L, 1.0 μg/L, 0.1 μg/L, 1.0 μg/L and respectively.

Keywords

Blood, Voltammetry, Anodic Stripping, Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Copper.

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A. K. Jaiswal ¹, Raj Kumar ², Anita Yadav ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹, Tabin Millo ¹, S. K. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IN
2 Forensic Science Laboratory, Madhuban, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Cyanide is present in two major forms such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN) and is highly toxic. Cyanide is the inhibitor of cytochrome C oxidase. Most hazardous compound is hydrocyanic acid that can be inhaled as gas at ambient room temperature. Oral ingestion of cyanide in liquid and solid form i.e. 200 mg or inhalation of 270 ppm in air causes death within minutes. Cyanide in body fluid can be determined using spectrophotometric techniques which are very time consuming and requires lot of sample pre-treatment. An attempt has been made to develop the new method for determination cyanide in blood using Multi Mode electrode in differential pulse voltammetry. Blood was processed using microwave assisted closed vessel digestion using 35% nitric acid and ultrapure water. The buffer of pH 10.2 was used with a sweep rate of 0.01V/s and pulse amplitude 0.05V by HMDE by standard addition method. The solution was stirred during pre-electrolysis at 0.00 V for purge time of 300 seconds from 0.00V to -0.500V.

Keywords

Cyanide, Voltammetry, Dropping Mercury Electrode, Trace Metal Analyser, Differential Pulse etc.

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